Paper On Industrial Revolution

3179 words - 13 pages

1. The cottage system/domestic or putting-out system was a system of textile manufacturing in which spinners and weavers worked at home in their cottages using raw materials supplied to them by capitalist entrepreneurs. This all happened before the Industrial Revolution occurred at the end of the eighteenth century. This type of industry was very developed in the United Kingdom. But when England started getting a growing market, in which there were humongous pressures of growing demand, that the system's shortcomings would outweigh the advantages, especially after 1760. There was an imbalance in this enterprise because the work of four spinners was needed to keep one weaver that was steadily employed. There was also a conflict between the employers and the workers, which would in turn complicate the increased production. There would be fights over the weights and quality of the materials, and sometimes the merchants would accuse workers for stealing the materials. The weavers also constantly complained that the merchants delivered underweight bales. They were both right in the fact that they both cheated on each other. The other problem was that the cottage workers would only work in spurts. When they got paid on Saturday afternoon, the men would usually drink and let loose for a couple days, and by the end of the week the weaver was probably working feverishly working to make his quota. If he wasn't able to complete his task, then there was not much the merchant could do. This led to the merchant - capitalist's search for much more effective and efficient methods of production.

2. The Agricultural Revolution was able to promote and accelerate economic growth. This revolution led to the elimination of the traditional pattern of village agriculture found in northern Europe. It would replace the open-field system with a new system of continuous rotation, that resulted in more food for people and their animals. The new system had very profound implication, because it eliminated many common rights. The peasants and laborers would continue check the spread of this new system over the continent of Europe in the eighteenth century, while large landowners and powerful market forces would overcome such opposition in England. New methods originated in the Low Countries. The very dynamic middle-class society of Republican Holland was one of the most advanced countries in Europe in the many areas of human endeavor, including agriculture. There was intensive farming well established by 1615 in the Low Countries. There was enclosed fields, continuous rotation, heavy manuring, and a wide variety of crops present. Agriculture was very specialized and commercialized. The ways of the Low Countries would intrigue the Northern and Central Europeans. Many Englishmen would come and learn the ways of the Low Countries. They would learn water control from Dutch experts, who would make a great contribution to draining the expense of marches of rainy England. They a...

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