Financial Planning Process In An Engineering Business

1253 words - 6 pages

1
The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
Mustafa Cavcar* Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
Nomenclature a = speed of sound, m/sec g = acceleration of gravity, m/sec2 h = altitude, m or ft p = pressure, N/m2 or hPa R = real gas constant for air, 287.04 m2/°Ksec2
T = temperature, °K or °C ρ = density, kg/m3 Subscripts 0 = standard sea level conditions 11 = tropopause caonditions Abbreviations ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization ISA = International Standard Atmosphere MSL = Mean Sea Level PA = Pressure Altitude
1. Standard Atmosphere Modeling For purposes of pressure altimeter calibrations, aircraft and rocket performance and their design, and ...view middle of the document...

294 m/sec Acceleration of gravity =0g 9.80665 m/sec2
1.1. Temperature Modeling
The following diagram (Figure 1) illustrates the temperature variations in the standard atmosphere:
Figure 1 International Standard Atmosphere temperature variation [2].
Temperature decreases with altitude at a constant rate of -6.5°C/1000m (-1.98°C/1000ft) up to the tropopause. The standard tropopause altitude is 11,000 m (36,089 ft). Therefore, the air which is considered as a perfect gas in the ISA model presents the following characteristics within the troposphere:
1000
(m)5.60 hTT −= (1)
or

3
1000
(ft)98.10 hTT −= (2)
For simple estimations, Equation (2) can be assumed
1000
(ft)20 hTT −= (3)
The temperature remains at a constant value of -56.5°C (216.65°K) from the tropopause up to 20,000 m (65,600 ft). This ISA model is used as a reference to compare real atmospheric conditions and the corresponding engine/aircraft performance. The atmospheric conditions will therefore be expressed as ISA +/- ∆ISA at a given flight level [2]. Example: Let's consider a flight in the following conditions:
Altitude = 31,000 feet Actual Temperature = -37ºC
The standard temperature at 31,000 feet is: 4731215 −=×−=T ºC, whereas the actual temperature is -37ºC, i.e. 10ºC above the standard. Conclusion: The flight is operated in ISA+10 conditions
1.2. Pressure Modeling To calculate the standard pressure p at a given altitude, the temperature is assumed standard, and the air is assumed as a perfect gas. The altitude obtained from the measurement of the pressure is called pressure altitude (PA). Both Table 2 and Figure 2 show variation of the pressure altitude as a function of the pressure. The last column of Table 2 shows corresponding flight levels for the given pressure altitudes. The flight level is the altitude expressed in hundreds of feet.
Table 2 Pressure altitude versus pressure [2].

4
Figure 2 Pressure altitude versus pressure [2].
The pressure variations for the International Standard Atmosphere can be calculated by using...

More like Financial Planning Process In An Engineering Business

Information Technology: An Important And Successful Tool In Business Process Management Pro Gramme

2322 words - 10 pages Free ... introduction in a socio-economic system, management serves as a discipline developed to investigate the business process for the effective achievement of an organisational goal. The business process is a sequence of activities which transform resources to generate added value for customers. Previous attempts at scientific analysis in the field of business management have had their origin in the Newtonian paradigm. The most notable example is ...

Process Of Decision Making In An Organization For A Manager

1388 words - 6 pages ... nonrational(intuitive); logical(objectives, 7 steps) or intuitive(guard feeling))Ability to set prioritiesTiming of decisionDecision AnalysisDecision analysis underlines all the function of management. Even careful planning and execution cannot save an organization from the damage brought by a decision that is basically wrong. To assure growth and progress, nothing less than a system and reasoned approach to Decision Analysis will do.Pittfalls in ...

In Practice, Do You Think YOUR Firm Should Go To The Time And Expense Of Implementing A Capital Budgeting System Into The Planning Process?

1044 words - 5 pages Free ... "Capital budgeting ~ the process of analysing potential fixed asset investments. Capital budget decisions ~ probably the most important ones financial managers must take." (1)"Financial and budgetary accounting are branches of the same discipline, but they have fundamentally different purposes. Financial accounting looks backward in time: it summarizes economic performance for a past period. Budgetary accounting, by contrast, looks forward: it ...

Assess The Value Of Marketing In This Major Financial Services Group As A Business Philosophy. Based On Barclays. Module Was Marketing In Financial Services. Enjoy!!!

2338 words - 10 pages Free ... with us. The worst outcome would be loosing our customers to our competitor's products.Can the impact of fewer Jobs in marketing help market orientation?Fewer Jobs in marketing will cut costs for Barclays. The money saved on labour resources could be invested into other areas of the business.*To stay customer focussed Barclays may want to give their customers more. Higher interest rates on accounts could be provided through the saving of financial ...

Report On The Mintzberg's Article In The Harvard Business Review About The Fall And The Rise Of Strategic Planning

464 words - 2 pages Free ... ) planning is controlling the future; (3) planning is decision making; (4) planning is integrated decision making; (5) planning is a formalized procedure to produce an articulated result, in the form of an integrated system of decisions.Within the fifth definition lies the root, Mintzberg suggests, for the emergence of a sense of rationality about planning. In this case, rational planning implies an ability to (1) know attributes of the future; (2 ...

Has The IMF Needed United States (US) Hegemony In Order To Be An Effective Institution? - MCR Business School - Essay

2223 words - 9 pages ... Matthew Barlow IPE Assignment 2017 Choose an institution of global governance: the World Bank, the IMF or the WTO. Has the institution of your choice needed United States (US) hegemony in order to be an effective institution? Argue your case from a neo-Gramscian perspective, a neo-realist or a neo-liberal institutionalist notion of hegemony. International institutions shape the world we live in today. This essay aims to explain economic and ...

Definition Of An Ideal Teacher - Response To The Quote: "teaching Is All About Remebering The Curricullum And Imparting Them To The Students Without Taking Interest In It"(from Fifth Business)

741 words - 3 pages ... My Philosophy of a teacher.What makes a good instructor? There are lots of factors, which determine the answer to this question, and one of the most important aspects of being a good teacher is, I believe, the teaching strategy of a teacher. I think that teachers play a very important role in molding the career of a student emotionally, technically and intellectually. A good teacher is a person who works with a single powerful goal in mind ...

Discuss Any Attributes That Would Enable You To Make A Distinctive Contribution To The School. - Santa Clara University - Essay

1021 words - 5 pages Free ... and analyze the strategic data we would need to determine our product direction based on our target population’s needs. Hence, by utilizing advanced analysis techniques we can learn what to focus on and where to invest our resources, which are critical questions to any business owner. Through my experience in an app development process, I learned we would need to acquire advanced analytical techniques including predictive modeling and ...

The Effect Of Technology On The Accounting Profession

399 words - 2 pages ... in business activities, it has changed the way we process accounting information and prepare financial statements.Let's use financial planning as an example. In many organizations, the planning cycle has become an exercise in futility. The budget window can span eight-plus months and is plagued by sandbagging and stretch target setting. Forecasts become a manual nightmare that may consume a big percent of the finance organization's capacity each ...

Management Planning Paper

1083 words - 5 pages ... -engineering which more than likely helped shaped their business over the years" (McNamara, 2007). How do businesses come up with ideas? Where do they come from? How do new ideas get traction in an environment that is very cautious?"What's the Big Idea?" is a book written by Tom Davenport, Laurence Prusack, and H. James Wilson explaining the ways of creating and capitalizing on the best management thinking. In truth, they laid out an eight-point ...

Strategic Management

595 words - 3 pages Free ... strategic management. This process is all about driving the company's growth through effective management techniques focused on goal-setting.The financial planning phase consists of managers within the firm proposing an annual budget while halting normal company operations. Although the process seems very simplistic it can be very time consuming. During the forecast based phase, managers are in the process of proposing budgets that may rollover ...

Life And Journey From High School - High School - Essay

2463 words - 10 pages ... . · TQM initiatives · SMED Work history Company Date KLIA business and technology solutions January 2018 – present Diageo 2002-2015 Sammar investments Feb 2017- January 2018 Company: KLIA business and technology solutions: KLIA is a team of trained specialists with global experience in safety, engineering, production, manufacturing, project management, and lean manufacturing. Scope of work includes the following: · Process and performance ...

Total Quality Management

1436 words - 6 pages ... excellence in everything they do beginning with the strategic plan. "Companies clearly have a competitive advantage when they can develop an effective strategic plan" (Strategic Planning for Business Excellence, 2002). Total Quality Management (TQM) consists of an integrated approach to define and document principles, processes, production, and the best practices that provide the organizational framework of excellence. Corporate process ...

Information Technology Org Strategy - IT Strategy - Essay

3104 words - 13 pages ... engineering data to leverage the expertise, experience, talent and accumulated knowledge of both companies to create a competitive advantage in the global market. The integration of this data will allow the company to innovate and adjust marketing/sales strategies rapidly to take advantage of today’s dynamic markets in the US and the rest of the world which will assist in the overall business goal of increasing sales and market share in emerging ...

Service Request Sr-rm-012 Business Systems

1859 words - 8 pages ... corporate office to be consolidation into one report.In addition, the methods used to send reports to corporate include data files and hard copies of reports that must be rescanned into the corporate system. Other issues with the system include outdated hardware used to store accounting information and locations using software from a vendor that is no longer in service.Improvements to this business system can be made by implementing an ...