Chemistry Mandatory ExperimentsReactivity of Alkanes vs alkenesMaterial:Small test tubesBromine waterStirring rodHexane and hexaneDropperMethod:1. Pour 10mL of bromine water each into two small beakers.2. Using a dropper, place a few drops of hexane into one of the beakers, noting its effect.Stir gently with a glass stirring rod.3. Repeat with a dropper of ethylene.4. Repeat the procedure with a variety of alkanes and alkenes. With solutions that alkanes havebeen added to, place them near a bright window and observe the effect over time.TitrationPart A: Preparation of standard solutionMaterial:PipetteSodium hydrogen carbonate pelletsVolumetric flaskDistilled waterBurette0.1mo ...view middle of the document...
3. Place the flask in a warm area such as the window sill, and allow to sit. Ideally, set thisexperiment up in the morning, and take measurements regularly (In hourly intervals) over four hours, recording the weight at each observation.4. Reweigh the flask and its contents, and record the results along with the difference in weight.Preparation of estersMaterial:EthanolEthanoic acidBoiling chipsSulfuric acidReflux tubeHotplateWater bathSeparating funnelSodium hydrogen carbonateMethod: 1. Place 10-20pml of ethanol and an equal amount of the ethanoic acid into a 50ml flask.2. Add 1ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into the mixture of reactants, and then add a moderate amount of boiling chips.3. Gently attach the flask to the refluxing tube , dipping the flask into awater bath.4. Run a hose through the refluxing apparatus, ensuring water is entering through the bottomand exiting through the top.5. Heat the water bath using either a a hot plate, and reflux the mixture untilSolution turns dark brown.6. Add 50ml water into the remaining mixture, and pour into a separating funnel. Remove thelower layer. The remaining mixture should be a relatively pure ester. Add 5 ml Sodium hydrogen carbonate can be used to neutralise any excess acid if desired.Factors affecting rate of electrolysisFactors:Voltage appliedSurface area of electrodeDistance between electrodeThe concentration...
