LATIN I STUDY GUIDE
By: Lily Zheng, Ludmilla Pajo only a little bit and, Jennifer Shim a smaller bit
First Declension:
-Recognized by the -ae ending of the genitive singular (ex- Puellae)
Feminine Singular Plural
Nominative Puella (A girl/The girl) Puellae (The girls)
Genitive Puellae (Of the girl) Puellarum (Of the girls)
Dative Puellae (To/For the girl) Puellis (To/For the girls)
Accusative Puellam (A girl/ The girl) Puellas (The girls)
Ablative Puella (-By/ With/ From) Puellis (-By/ With/ From)
Nominative Case: The subject of the verb
Predicate Nominative- A noun used with a linking verb (ex- Asia est Provincia)
Genitive of Possession: To show possession
Ex) Agricolae villa-The farmer’s farmhouse Agricolarum villae-The farmers’ farmhouses.
Dative Case: The indirect object
ex) the girl gave the gift to the boy
Accusative Case: the direct object
ex) Poetas laudamus- we praise poets
Predicate Accusative- making, naming, choosing ex) filiam voco helenam-I call my
daughter helen
Ablative Case: To indicate accomplishment Used with the preposition
ex) Agricola cum nautis navigate- the farmer is sailing with the sailors
Second Declension
-Genitive singular end in i
Masculine Endings
Masculine Singular Plural
Nominative Amicus Amici
Genitive Amici Amicorum
Dative Amico Amicis
Accusative Amicum Amicos
Ablative Amico Amicis
Neuter Ending
Neuter Singular Plural
Nominative Verbum Verba
Genitive Verbi Verborum
Dative Verbo Verbis
Accusative Verbum Verba
Ablative Verbo Verbis
First Conjugation Verbs:
-Shows the person and number of the verb (use the second principal part)
Take off -re of second pp and add
Present Singular Plural
1st Person -o or -m (I) -mus (we)
2nd Person -s (you) -tis (you all)
3rd Person -t (he/she/it) -nt (they)
Principal Part:
-A verb has 4 principal parts
ex) Paro, Parare, Paravi, Paratus
Paro- present
Parare- infinitive (to)
Paravi- perfect
Paratus- perfect past participle
Adjectives
Ending in -us
----------------Singular------------------------- -----------------------Plural----------------------
Masc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut
Nom Malus Mala Malum Mali Malae Mala
Gen Mali Malae Mali Malorum Malarum Malorum
Dat Malo Malae Malo Malis Malis Malis
Acc Malum Malam Malum Malos Malas Mala
Abl Malo Mala Malo Malis Malis Malis
Ending in -er And retaining the -e
----------------Singular------------------------- -----------------------Plural----------------------
Masc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut
Nom Miser Misera Miserum Miseri Miserae Misera
Gen Miseri Miserae Miseri Miserorum Miserarum Miserorum
Dat Misero Miserae Misero Miseris Miseris Miseris
Acc Miserus Miseram Miserum Miseros Miseras Misera
Abl Misero Misera Misero Miseris Miseris Miseris
Ending in -er And retaining the -e
----------------Singular------------------------- -----------------------Plural----------------------
Masc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut...