Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3
2.0 Apparatus ............................................................................................................... 4
2.0 Method: .................................................................................................................. 5
4.0 Results ................................................................................................................... 6
5.0 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 13
6.0 Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 17
7.0 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 18
8.0 Appendix .............................................................................................................. 19
9.0 Bibliography ......................................................................................................... 22
Introduction
The purpose of this investigation is to determine if either Red Bull or Berocca
have any tangible effects on the content of the urine, because it was unknown
what bearing these substances would have on urine composition, a null
hypothesis was used. There are no published articles or investigative reports
on this subject matter that relate to the urine, and with a growing amount of
consumers, especially youths consuming these products, this subject matter
is important. This investigation will compliment existing research relating to
cardiovascular diseases, dental erosion and energy drink and supplement
use.
Red bull has a variety of energy drink lines, including; red bull sugar free, red
bull zero calories, the red edition, red bull cola and (regular) red bull (GMBH,
R. B). For the purposes of this experiment, only regular red bull was used.
Similarly, berocca also has more than one line of product, namely, berocca
boost, and berocca performance. The fundamental difference between the
two is that one contains guarana, whilst the other does not. In this instance,
berocca performance, which contains no guarana was used (berocca FAQ’s).
To examine the composition of the urine before and after the consumption of
red bull and berocca; pH, leukocytes (LEU), nitrites (NIT), proteins (PRO),
glucose (GLU), ketone bodies (KET), urobilinogen (UBG), bilirubin (BIL) and
blood (Hb) needed to be analysed. pH measures the acidity of the urine, the
average urine pH concentration is a 6-6.5. In contrast, it is unlikely for either
LEU or NIT to be present in the urine of a healthy individual. Regents that
detect positive amounts of LEU or NIT are indicative of infection. Likewise,
UBG and BIL should not come back positive in a healthy individual as it
suggests liver disease. Moreover, Hb should not c...
