The Tall Woman And Her Short Husband - English - Essay

1049 words - 5 pages

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Clasificación y filogenia
Agnatos o peces sin mandíbulas: que incluye unas pocas especies actuales (lampreas y mixines). Es un grupo parafilético.
Los peces sin mandíbula son reminiscencia de los peces primitivos. Tienen la boca redonda y hendiduras branquiales, la piel lisa sin escamas y crecen de aletas pares. Los gnatostomados son los que tienen mandíbula y en entre ellos se encuentran las clases más conocidas de peces.
Los agnatos tienen pocas características en común; el único carácter común de todos los agnatos (fósiles y actuales) es la ausencia de mandíbulas, un rasgo claramente primitivo, en las especies ancestrales.
Las formas paleozoicas eran de aspecto muy diferente a las especies agnatas actuales; muchas tenían fuertes escudos óseos en la cabeza que les protegerían de los depredadores y estaban cubiertos de escamas de diversos tipos; en cambio las especies de agnatos actuales tienen aspecto de anguila, carecen de escamas y tienen una piel mucosa y resbaladiza.
Condrictios o peces cartilaginosos
Condrictios, una de las tres clases de peces vivientes que se caracterizan por tener un esqueleto cartilaginoso. Todas las especies de condrictios poseen unas escamas afiladas que parecen dientes (llamadas escamas placoideas). A veces, como ocurre en la raya venenosa , estas escamas están modificadas formando púas. Los dientes , que también son escamas modificadas, no suelen estar fusionados a las mandíbulas y se desprenden y reemplazan progresivamente.
Los condrictios carecen de la vejiga natatoria que tienen los peces óseos y que les confiere la capacidad para flotar, aunque su esqueleto cartilaginoso de poco peso les ayuda a mantenerse a flote.
Ciertas especies tienen adaptaciones adicionales para este fin, incluyendo ciertas formas corporales que les proporcionan una ascensión hidráulica cuando están nadando. Sin embargo, otras especies habitan en el fondo. Pertenecen a la clase de los condrictios las quimeras , los tiburones y las rayas.
Los osteictios
La clase de los peces óseos es la más numerosa dentro de la inmensa variedad que existe. Se caracterizan por tener -a diferencia de los peces cartilaginosos- el esqueleto total o parcialmente osificado.
La forma del cuerpo es fusiforme, aunque un poco comprimida sobre todo en la región caudal; pero esta condición no es extensiva para todas las especies, por cuanto unas presentan formas comprimidas, asimétricas, de globo o más sofisticadas, como el famoso caballito de mar o el pez alga.
En el extremo anterior de la cabeza se encuentra la boca, ocupando una posición más o menos terminal. Las aberturas nasales son una a cada lado, detrás de las cuales se ubican los ojos, rodeados de un párpado circular.
Las aletas varían mucho en cuanto a su forma, número y posición, e incluso hay casos donde se encuentran completamente atrofiadas.
En la mayoría de las especies óseas se distribuyen de manera similar que en los peces cartilaginosos, con una, dos o más aletas en el do...

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