Chapter 6 Sexual Victimization
What is sexual victimization?
-Encompasses victimizations of people that involve sexual behavior
-Wide range of behaviors from videotaping to forced penetration
-Physical injury and psychological trauma are included in effects of victimization
Rape
Original definition = “carnal knowledge”
-Forced and non-consensual vaginal penetration of a woman who was not married to the
perpetrator
Current definitions – include males and females as victims and most states have withdrawn the
exclusion of husbands as perpetrators
Common indicators of rape
-Nonconsensual contact between genital, anal, or oral areas of a victim and genital, hand, or
finger of the perpetrator
-Perpetrator could also use an object to penetrate victim
-Lack of consent or inability to consent
UCR Definition of Rape Effective January 1, 2013
Old Definition:
-Carnal knowledge of a female forcible against her will
-Excludes long list of sex offenses:
-Oral and anal penetration, penetration with objects, rape of males
New Definition:
-Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral
penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim
NCVS Definitions of Rape
Rape (NCVS)
-Forced sexual intercourse including vaginal, anal or oral penetration involving psychological
coercion as well as physical force
-Forced sexual intercourse means penetration by the offender
-Includes Attempted rapes (including verbal threats of rape), male and female victims,
heterosexual and homosexual rape
Sexual Assault (NCVS)
-Attacks or attempted attacks involving unwanted sexual contact or verbal threats of attacks
-May or may not involve force and include things like grabbing and fondling
*Consent is like a cup of Tea
Different Types of Rape
Forcible rape
-Forces or threatens to use force to penetrate victim
Drug or alcohol facilitated rape
-Rape occurs under the influence of drugs or alcohol deliberately given to the victim
Incapacitated rape
-Rape occurs after self-induced alcohol or drug incapacitation
Statutory rape
-Sex with a person under the legal age to consent
**Age consent in Texas is 17
Sexual Victimization other than Rape
Sexual coercion
-Penetration with penis, mouth, tongue, digit or object
-Did not use force, used psychological tactics
Unwanted sexual contact
-Penetration not an element
-May or may not be utilization of force
-Contact above or below the clothing
Non-contact sexual abuse
-Visual abuse – pornographic images
-Verbal abuse – sounds intentionally abusive in sexual manner
Measurement and Extent of Sexual Victimization
UCR
-Limited to forcible rape of females
-Updated in 2013 to include males and females & other forms of penetration
-2009 – 28.7 per 100,000 female inhabitants
NCVS
-Rape and sexual assault
-Includes unreported rapes
-Rate of 1.0 per 1,000 persons aged 12 or older
National Violence Against Wo...
