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Cognitive development is an intellectual growth from infancy to adulthood. Jean Piaget (1896-1980), a Swiss psychologist, was one of the most important and influential researchers in the field of developmental psychology throughout the 20th century. Piaget was born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, on August 9, 1896. His father, Arthur Piaget, was a professor of medieval literature with an interest in local history. His mother, Rebecca Jackson, was intelligent and energetic. The oldest child, he was very independent and took an early interest in nature. He published his first paper when he was ten - a one page account of his sighting of an albino sparrow.Piaget was the first to develop
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Piaget's theory of cognitive development consists of various stages, which happen at various times of a young person's life. The stage of life for an adolescent, between the ages of twelve to sixteen, is known as the formal operational stage. This stage is the fourth and final stage of cognitive development. "Formal operational thinkers can recognize and identify a problem. They can state several alternative hypotheses, execute procedures to collect information about the problems to be studied, and test the hypotheses." (Lin, 2002). Prior to adolescence thought is concentrated on much less complex thoughts.During this stage they acquire a method of thinking called hypothetical-deductive
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children and young adults, makes me look back at the cognitive development theory.The cognitive development theory is based around the idea that the development of a person's thought process is influenced by how we understand and interact with the world (Wood, 2011). This being true, television commercials like this one are poison to minds of children, male and female adults, and society as a whole. Representing women in this way creates a negative stereotype that affects males and females, alike, because it allows for this way of thinking to perpetuate into a socially acceptable reality where men are better than women. This is something that is just simply not true. We are all created equal
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The differences between Spearman and GardnerShaun KellyAmerican Intercontinental UniversityThe differences between Spearman and GardnerEdward Spearman's name is almost synonymous with general intelligence, or "g" for short. He invented the first form of factor analysis, and proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence. He had sort of a math formula that said every activity involves a general factor plus a specific factor. (G + S). From these theories, he said that people who do well on intelligence tests also do well on a variety of intellectual tasks. "Vocabulary and mathematical and spatial abilities". (Wilderdom, 2003). So for example of "g", Spearman would theorize that people who score
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components and how these combination can formed an image, without focusing the role of conative aspect as a limitation of the paper.The cognitive image is derived basically from a wide spectrum of information sources (Echtner and Ritchie, 1991). The information is then selected, organized and interpreted as what the individual is perceived (Solomon, Bamossy and Askegaard, 2002). This process which is called perception is a process of mental development that constructed an image based on several impressions from those information sources. As described by Gunn (1972) in theory of image classification, the organic images are mostly formed through non-touristic information sources such as from a
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The Social Learning Theory of Bandura emphasises the importance of observing and modelling the behaviours, attitudes and emotional reactions of others. The Social Learning Theory explains human behaviour in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioural, an environmental influences, suggesting that behaviour can be learned at the cognitive level through observing other people's actions. (Blackburn, 1993) This suggests that people are capable of imagining themselves in similar situations, and of incurring similar outcomes. Once the behaviour is learned it may be reinforced or punished by the consequences it generates. Bandura subscribed to several of the essential
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learned behavior will not occur unless it is energized. The major question among psychologists, in general, is whether motivation is a primary or secondary influence on behavior. That is, are changes in behavior better explained by principles of environmental/ecological influences, perception, memory, cognitive development, emotion, explanatory style, or personality or are concepts unique to motivation more pertinent.
For example, we know that people respond to increasingly complex or novel events (or stimuli) in the environment up to a point and then responses decrease. This inverted-U-shaped curve of behavior is well-known and widely acknowledged. However, the major issue is one of
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-PI consists of 181 items on which subjects indicate, on a 5 point scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree), whether the statement is a characteristic or representation of them.names.Support for the five-factor model comes from three main areas: the factor analysis of trait terms in language, the relation of trait questionnaires to other questionnaires and ratings, and the analysis of genetic (inherited) contributions to personality.GlossaryBig Five- In trait factor theory, the five major trait categories: emotionality, activity, and sociability factors.Five-factor model- A suggestion of five basic factors to human personality: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and
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. These disorders are a breakage in the natural development of cognitive or motor skills that are augmented before the age of twenty-two. The disorders usually have no cure and are anticipated to last indefinitely, however, most could be treatable (Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine). Developmental disorders can be grouped into specific developmental disorders and pervasive developmental disorders. Specific developmental disorders are disorders in which development is delayed in one specific area or areas, and in which basically all other areas of development are not affected (Textbook of Post-graduate Psychiatry). Specific developmental disorders are as opposed to pervasive developmental
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depression, or does depression lead to shyness? Are both manifestations of some deeper personality trait? Where does attributional style, in the sense of dysfunctional cognitions, fit in?In their 1994 study, Alfano et al. hypothesized that attributional style is a mediating variable--"the differences in depression between shy and non-shy subjects would be due to differences in their attributional style" (p. 290). They subsequently measured shyness, attributional style (two measures: negative cognitive achievement and negative interpersonal achievement), and depression (two measures) with standardized instruments in a sample of 251 college students. They then applied analyses of variance and
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Suraj ReddyAtkinsENGWR 101 MW9.11.13Response 2(B): "Watching TV, Thinking Outside"According to Stephen Johnson, the "sleeper curve" is popular media growing and becoming more complex every year with a lot of violence, is actually nutritional and instead of being the evil in our society, is making us smarter. Johnson thinks it's important because it helps the mental development of young people today by enhancing our cognitive faculties. Johnson thinks that television gives us cognitive benefits in paying attention, making inferences and tracking complex social issues. Johnson's general view of television is that watching shows that make us think is good for our brain and makes us common
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, conclusion and theory. This has expanded today.What are some psychological perspectives that explain human behavior?Some psychological perspectives that explain human behavior are Neuroscience, Behavioral, Cognitive, Humanistic, and Psychodynamic. Neuroscience Perspective explores how the brain and physiology shape and control our behavior. Behavioral Perspective attributes the causes of behavior to a person's environment and experiences, and so focuses on observable behavior that can be measured objectively, rather than on internal causes of behavior. Cognitive Perspective focuses on how people think, comprehend, and know the world, and on how our ways of thinking about the world influences our
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, the elements would be sweet, sour, bitter or salts. This led Titchener to developed the method of introspection to analyse these basic elements where the patient would 'look within' his/herself and try to describe his/her memory, perception (i.e. feelings and sensation), cognitive processes (such as images and emotions) and motivations about a certain stimulus, in short, the patient would analyse his/her own thoughts. In fact, in the first psychology laboratories, participants were exposed to a stimulus (such as light, sound and taste) and then asked to describe in detail what where their inner feelings and perception to the stimulus. Introspection was the preferred method amongst many
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have different early childhood experiences (for example, the girl's experience of similarity and connection to her nurturing mother, as emphasized by psychoanalytic theories). Theories of socialization and personality development are not enough to account for gender differences. For one thing, they underestimate how much behavior can vary over time and in different situations.Gender is a taken-for-granted social structure that organizes all areas of social life. This book develops a theory to account for both the continuity of that structure and the efforts of feminists to change it. The book focuses on the heterosexual family, where "doing gender" is especially accepted, but it challenges
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understand the things we do. Through the repetition, we are able to understand "truth and reality".George Herbert Mead's theory, The Social Self, is our sense of self that differentiates humans from animals. Our identity involves our self awareness and self image, our interaction with others, and our ability to conceive of, understand and respond to others. In comparison with the social learning theory, as a part of a child's development, they copy what they see and begin to construct a self. As they grow older, the self continues to evolve and consciousness of ones self becomes evident and interactive among others. (Holtzmann 18)The Liberation Theory, one of the newer theories, builds on social
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others. Agnew found that anger has the ability to provoke individuals to negatively respond, lower inhibitions, and create a desire for revenge. Some of the revenge may fall into the category criminal acts, everyone respond to anger, frustration and strain differently.If everyone would commits a crime when they reacted to strain, more than half of the world would either be in jail or dead. Agnew points out three different types of coping strategies put forth by the general strain theory that allows a person to deal with the stain in their life through legitimate means. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral coping strategies can be used to lessen the amount of strain in an individual's life
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inconsistencies began to pile up between economic development models and real world outcomes, so grew doubts that this kind of reductionism could interpret the world in any substantive way.It is important to note that these doubts not only came from the margins of development thought but also from within the ranks of traditional economic academia as well. Nicholas Kaldor, one of the latter-half of the century's leading contributors to the development of equilibrium theory, shares Kenney and Williams' claim that thought about economic growth often fails to understand the "complex nature of the social world" . In his view, the rigorous application of mathematical principles to the logic of
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that incongruity alone is insufficient to produce humor, requiring resolution to produce the response (Alden and Hoyer 1993). Suls (1983) concludes that both incongruity and incongruity-resolution (INC-RES) styles of humor exist, but that the latter is more prevalent. Raskin's (1985) INC-RES contrasts have been used to demonstrate this theory (Alden and Hoyer 1993).Within the cognitive school and working from a linguistics viewpoint, Raskin (1985) theorized a script-based semantic model of incongruity which suggests that a joke contains two distinct scripts that are opposites, and the third element, the punch line, "switches the listener from one script to another creating the joke" (1985, 34
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theory) they're based on reality. It's harder to fool an interviewer about something that supposedly actually happened.The 'reliability and validity', which Wysocki (2000) refers to, are two standards that are used in the selection process. When an organisation is trying to separate the best candidate out of a group of candidates, some sort of rating scale is needed, the people selecting the new employee need to be able rate each candidate numerically, the best way would be to give them a score for each selection method used. When all the candidates have been scored, their scores can be compared and decisions made about who is the best person for the job."Five generic standards that should be
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Part I: Origins of PsychologyThe seven major perspectives in modern psychology are psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitive, neuroscientific/biopsychological, evolutionary, and sociocultural.Psychoanalytic: The founder of the psychoanalytic school of thought is Sigmund Freud. He believed that many psychological problems result from the conflicts that occur between "acceptable" behavior and "unacceptable" unconscious sexual or aggressive motives. His theory was called Psychoanalysis. Freud relied more on deductive reasoning rather than on rigorous research methods, hence making his approach non-scientific. Also, he laid emphasis on the importance of unconscious processes and
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investigate the immediate social situation and the interaction between person and situation variables. Social psychological research is often empirical and quantitative i.e. laboratory experiments, as well as some computational models (Sun, 2004).Specifically, social psychologists investigate such topics as attitudes, social cognition, cognitive dissonance, social influence, and interpersonal behaviors such as altruism and aggression. Research in these areas test theories, add knowledge to the field and also leads to new theory development. Research builds the field into a reputable discipline. They investigate various areas of human behavior. For example, social psychologists researching social
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then be able to make judgments not based on the common stereotypes but on what they consider is wrong and needs to be fixed within a certain community. It's a very important factor which requires accurate planning and wise judgment by both the teachers and the schools, which helps the educational system get better and better towards the future.References:AARE (2004). Learning to listen to Indigenous voice: dialogue and dilemmas. Retrieved on May 2nd, 2008 from http://www.aare.edu.au/03pap/irv03664.pdfBandura, E (2004). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Craven, R. (1999). Teaching Aboriginal Education. Sydney: Allen and Unwin
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wellbeing, optimal development throughout the lifespan and effective use of the person's cognitive, emotion and social abilitiesMental IllnessA psychological disorder that significantly interferes with an individuals cognitive, emotional and/or social abilities.Also referred to as a mental disorderAtypical of a person - not normal behaviour for that individualPhysical HealthPhysical health can be defined as the complete wellbeing of a person's bodily functions, internal and external.Physical IllnessWhen the body is unable to function efficiently due to a physical cause.Easily diagnosable and treatable with medical attentionSystems of ClassificationClassificationThe organisation of items into
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though they had
been reared in the exact environment. Some of these strong behavioral traits included shyness,
activity levels, risk aversion, achievement, optimism, irritability, sociability, cognitive
development, physical gestures, patterns of speech, and even similar hair-styles and brands of
toothpaste (Turecki & Rathus p.112).
Being a twin involves sharing almost everything together in life from toys, rooms, or
clothing to appearance and psychological characteristics. Unfortunately, sharing psychological
characteristics through hereditary can possibly lead to sharing psychological disorders as well. It
is clear that the closer the genetic similarities are
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Impact of various social systems on my developmentIntroductionEcological systems theory developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner in 1979. It is an approach to explain the relationship between child's development and the social environment. It is divided into five different levels: (i) the microsystem, (ii) the mesosystem, (ii) the exosystem, (iv) the macrosystem and (v) the chronosystem. The first four levels are discussed in this essay.As proposed by Bronfenbrenner, the first level (microsystem) is the closest system to a person and where a person can have a direct contact with. Suggested examples include home, work or school. The person is a part of this system and it is the most influential
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Any substance which flows through a pregnant woman's blood stream; whether it be positive or negative, debilitating or helpful, will pass through placental walls to the developing child she carries. If one considers how negatively toxic substances such as cigarettes, alcohol, and cocaine affect the physical and mental state of a fully developed and healthy adult, it is possible to understand how devastating the effects these same substances have on a child in utero and throughout the course of their development. Examining prevalence rates and current research in the area of how exposure to the aforementioned substances affects children's physical, developmental, cognitive and social growth
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Introduction:Piaget believed that there were four main stages in which children pass during cognitive development. The sensorimotor stage lasts for the first two years of a child's life, and learning primarily occurs through their senses. The child will also develop object permanence. The pre-operational stage is where a child's thinking becomes more dominated by observation and perception. In this stage, a child develops the ability to decentre, and conservation will follow this development. The concrete operational stage is where children develop full ability to conserve. In the formal operational stage, the child can think hypothetically, and decentration continues through this stage
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psychological development of social anxiety may stem from embarrassing or humiliating social experiences from the past, such as being bullied andLowe 2neglected. Common symptoms of social anxiety include: avoiding social situations, intense anxiety in social settings, confusion, pounding of the heart, sweating, shaking, blushing, muscle tension, and nausea. Social anxiety disorder can be treated in two ways, either cognitive-behavior therapy or medications. Cognitive-behavior therapy is trying to guide a person's thoughts in a more rational direction and helping a person to stop avoiding situations that once caused anxiety. It also teaches people to react differently to the situations. There
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seconds a person can stand on one leg after drinking alcohol Hypothesis: People who are intoxicated will show less motor coordinationTheories should generate hypotheses *Good theory: testable hypotheses, simplicity *Ex: Jean Piaget: infant child development * Sigmund Freud: Interpretation of Dreams*Law of parsimony: when 2 competing theories exist to explain the same phenomenon, the simpler of the 2 theories is generally preferred
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to alcoholism are as follows: pre-natal and post-natal growth retardation; central nervous system abnormalities, including cognitive impairments, acute sensitivity to sound, irritability, little body activity, attention problems, and jitteriness, and facial abnormalities(Streissguth & Giunta 1988).Other physical abnormalities associated with FAS include cardiovascular problems, cardiac murmurs, kidney troubles, respiratory dysfunction, hernias, shortened fingers, and profusion of facial hair. Delayed motor development also characterizes many children with FAS and, in many cases, motor development never normalizes. Physical abnormalities related to FAS can affect linguistic and cognitive
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school, 6% were working, and 16% were unemployed. Thirty-five percent had moved away from home, and 3% were in foster homes or homes for young people.Psychiatrists assessed the boys and girl with a questionnaire that assess cognitive, behavioral, affective, and somatic components of depression. According to the psychiatrists "the Questionnaire contained 130 questions. Each question had 6 alternative responses. The 130 questions formed 12 scales: Impulse Control, Emotional Tone, Body Image, Social Relationships, Morals, Sexual Attitude, Family Relationships, Mastery, Vocational and Educational Goals, Emotional Health, Superior Adjustment, and Idealism." And with high scores in individual scales
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IntroductionThe rise in non-western organisation's and their successes in the world economy (mainly Japanese) has been the main cause for the research into, and the development of the concepts which underline the key aspects of organisational culture i.e:*What is culture?*How can these cultures be catagorised?*How does culture develop?*How culture is effected by internal and external influences?*And how it can effect other aspects of the organisation, including strategy?*What are the aspects of an "effective" organisational culture?*How culture evolves?*How culture can be managed, changed and nurtured?Many theorists in the business strategy field now believe that the success of an
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).Organizational and Management TheoryOne of the importance of management theory as cited by Mullin (2005) is that it tries to explore relationship between the development of theory, behavior in organizations, and management practices. In addition, it entails for the critical understanding of the development of management thinking that helps in inferring underlying principles of the management process.The initial development of theory can be seen to the concept of bureaucratic organization that which did Max Weber introduced during the year 1958 and later developed by classical theorists such as Taylor, Frank and Gilbreth, Fayol, Grant and Follet. Hence the management theory has evolved since
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you a boss. Leadership makes people want to achieve high goals and objectives, while, on the other hand, bosses tell people to accomplish a task or objective.Bernard Bass' theory of leadership states that there three basics ways to explain how people become leaders. The first two explain the leadership development for a small number or people. These theories are: The Trait Theory says that some personality traits may lead people naturally into leadership roles; The Great Events Theory states that a person or important event may cause a person to rise to the occasion, which brings out extraordinary leadership qualities in ordinary people; The Transformational Theory states that people can
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intervention, Huse argues, the more it becomes concerned with the psychological make-up and personality of the individual, and the greater the need for full involvement of individuals if they are to accept the changes. Therefore, linking levels of involvement to the types of change proposed is necessary. The key is that, the greater the effect on the individual, especially in terms of psychological constructs and values, the deeper the level of involvement required if successful behaviour change is to be achieved.The theory of cognitive dissonance of Burnes and James (1995) helps in seeking to understand and explain why major rapid attitudinal changes at Oticon were successful without a
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some evidence to support this theory - it is taken from post mortems. Gershwind studied the brains of two dyslexic people (after death) and found that there was damage in the left hemisphere of the brain, which had been caused either before or during birth. Animal studies also show that testosterone interferes with brain development in the foetus. However, there are problems with this evidence. The brains studied were of males, but females get dyslexia too. Males and females hear sounds in different parts of the brain therefore evidence relating to males cannot be generalised to apply to both sexes. Also, the sample size of only 2 dyslexic brains is very small, so the results cannot even be
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theory of evolution states. Interventionists believe that, in some point in human development, something from somewhere in the universe, possibly a superior intelligence, another species or even space aliens, bred with humans thus changing the ape like creatures into modern humans. One of the most famous interventionists was Alfred Russell Wallace who presented this theory in the mid to late 1800s.Interventionists believe that intervention most probably took place when the most intelligent life was only the Homo Erectuses, A less sophisticated mammal who could walk upright. There are three major pieces of evidence for intervention: the first is the quote from the bible discussing intervention
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strive for balance in personal and family life.The approach of attachment parenting is based off of Bowlby's Attachment theory. According to Bowlby's theory children who form an enduring socioemotional relationship are more likely to survive in life. The theory has four phases of attachment: Pre-attachment, Attachment in the making, True attachment, and Reciprocal relationships. These phases closely follow the ways of how attachment parent advocates build their relationships with the child. Spending so much time with their child, the caregiver builds a secure attachment with them.A potential strength of attachment parenting would be mutual giving, the more you give to your baby the more baby
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the work environment. There are several key ingredients to job satisfaction with knowing these ingredients one is able to better adapt to the new organizational culture and the skills needed to bring forth success. It begins with knowledge, knowledge of knowing what to expect within the work environment and what the organization expects out of you as the new employee. This can sometimes be difficult; however with determination the new employee can maintain high standards of job fulfillment through the awareness of others as well as setting personal goals to perform at the level that is required within the organization.This awareness can aid in the development of their capabilities which
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" is just one theory that is implemented in the workplace. B.F. Skinner is known for his theory of behavior and especially for his concepts of positive and negative reinforcement. Most people are less familiar with a key distinction he drew between traditional psychology's "response" and his concept of the "free operant". Skinner defined an operant as a class of behaviors that produced a common result (American Psychological Association, 2007). The frequency of specific behaviors is guided by how efficiently they produce the result. The "operator" is free to determine the best solution through exploration and at her own pace. This is a very different perspective from that of behavioral and
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AbstractAsk five or ten different people for a definition of strategic planning or decision making or even planning and you will probably receive five or ten different answers. Most agree that strategic planning is a way to identify long-term goals and to direct your company toward fulfilling those goals.Most also will agree that decision making is a cognitive activity involving the interplay of environmental cues and human cognitive processes, culminating in the selection of one or more possible choices of action (Wickens, 1992). Of course, not with the same wording, but we can translate that to choosing the best option or options from all available alternatives.The reason why everyone
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fundamental influence in the development of the Humanist Learning Theory and the use of learner constructed contracts or plans to guide learning experiences. Knowles' theory is more focused on "man-leading to distinguish from pedagogy or "child-leading". There are six (6) assumptions of adult learning motivation: (1) Adults need to know the reason for learning something (Need to Know), (2) Experience (including error) provides the basis for learning activities (Foundation), (3) Adults need to be responsible for their decisions on education; involvement in the planning and evaluation of their instruction (Self-concept), (4) Adults are most interested in learning subjects having immediate
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Albert Einstein was born March 14,1879 in Ulm, Germany.He is considered to be one of the greatest theoretical physicists of all time. He is best known as the creator of the special and general theories of relativity. He contributed much to the kinetic theory of matter and the theory of specific heats and played a major role in the Manhattan Project. At age ten, Einstein set into a program of self education and read as much as he could about science. His uncle recognized his mathematical talent and introduced him to algebra and geometry. Albert found pleasure in solving challenging algebraic and geometric problems. He was not a very good student in school. He often skipped class
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guess and give the answer as close as possible to what they recall. This method is different from the study for false memory research.ReviewThe subjects were to recall the list of given words presented with every words at1 to 1.5s. They are instructed not to guess and the finding was shown to indicate the level of recall for critical non presented words (e.g sleep). The probability to recall these missing words was greater than the recall for presented words. Next, subjects were given cognitive test where they are to recall the non studied items: the critical item (e.g sleep) and unrelated distracters (e.g spider). Results shows 80% of studied words were recognisable and most remembered
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the area of human development. Anthropologists have been fighting over this area for decades and will probably be fighting over it for decades to come. This is because something this loaded does not go away very easily and few people are swayed from one side to another without glaring evidence to the contrary of their beliefs. In this sense they are really no better than a lot of the religious fanatics that they complain and gripe about. And even with all of the new data that is gathered and all the new discoveries that are made not much has changed and few have been moved to join the other side of what they see as a never-ending debate. There are really only two main theories left (along
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ASSIGNMENT 2 PSYCHOLOGY (PPS1814)MOHD SHAHRIN YUDIN (1131300038)Question 1Choose a current event or topic of public interest and briefly describe it. (Example: violence against women, school-bullying, corruption and bribery, road-rage). Discuss how the major perspectives in contemporary psychology might shed light on the topic. In your discussion, you are to include the following five (5) perspectives: neuroscientific, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic.Neuroscientific perspectivesWith no answers yet in the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370; investigators have said they're considering many options: hijacking, sabotage, terrorism or catastrophic equipment
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, completed in 1906, determined the surface tension of water. This project was one of his first major achievements, and he earned the gold medal of the Academy of Sciences. (Abbott, 1984) In 1911, Bohr was awarded his doctorate for a theory explaining the behavior of electrons in metals. (Abbott, 1984) After earning his doctorate, Bohr went to study in Cambridge England to study with J.J. Thomson. Thomson didn't seem to be interested in Bohr's electron theory, so Bohr decided to go somewhere else where his work would be more "important". (Abbott, 1984) In 1912 Bohr started working with Ernest Rutherford to create the structure of the atom in Manchester England. (Abbott, 1984) This is when
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The field of psychology has grown to be a respected, however, even the greatest psychologists can only theorize about what makes human beings act the way they do. Absolutes are not part of psychology, and everything is relative and open to speculation.Human development is one of the most popular areas of interest for those who study psychology with Freud and Erikson as the great theorists with differing ideas concerning human development. Each theorist developed ideas and stages for human development in which human beings pass through different stages of life. Each theory differed on what these stages were and also differed with their respect towards paradigmatic assumptions, learning and
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, cognitive and emotion-focused ones. Of course not all of them are applicable to every type of stressful situations, but a good stress management program should combine the three techniques where possible (Rice, 2000). Active physical exercises should be naturally combined with relaxation and meditation therapy, time-management should also bring positive results giving more time for distraction from the stressful factor and paying more attention to hobbies and leisure activities (Rice, 2000). Humor is as well known to be a strong stress-coping method, but of course it is not applicable in all cases. Post-program health assessment is also crucial - the control will show the changes in the
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IntroductionFinding its origins in architectural psychology, environmental psychology is concerned with the relationship between human beings and their surroundings. In a campaign to improve mental hospitals nearly fifty years ago, architects turned to psychologists for help with understanding the cognitive and social behaviors of human beings and their relation to the way a building was structured around them. As this relationship between architects and psychologists progressed to other fields such as park designs, color coordination and furniture arrangement, the field of environmental psychology was born.What is Environmental PsychologyEnvironmental psychology is quite simply the
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