Introduccion
A home automation system typically connects controlled devices to a central hub or "gateway". The user interface for control of the system uses either wall-mounted terminals, tablet or desktop computers, a mobile phone application, or a Web interface, that may also be accessible off-site through the Internet. Also it will control lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It may also include home security such as access control and alarm systems. When they are connected with the Internet, home devices are an important constituent of the Internet of Things.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, home appliances, and other items embedded with technology and these devices can communicate and interact over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored, controlled and exchange data.
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A Brief History of Home Automation
The idea of managing all the functions of a home with a centralized control system dates back to at least the beginning of the 20th century. The earliest working prototypes of automated houses debuted in the 1930s at World’s Fairs in Chicago and New York City, but those homes were never intended to be commercially available.
Until the invention of the microcontroller during the 1970s that marketing a fully-wired, “smart” home automation system became economically feasible. With the growth of computer technology over the last fifteen years or so, the home automation industry has taken off.
· In 2012, the estimated value of the home-automation market was around $3.6 billion.
· Smart-home device sales doubled the following year, with 1.8 million new system installations nationwide.
· Some analysts expected 12 million new residential system installations in 2016 and an estimated overall market value of as much as $16.4 billion by 2019.
PRESENT
Lights
Today’s home automation systems make it easy for you to use your smartphone or tablet to control the lights in your home. You can switch on your lights and set them to an appropriate brightness, all while you’re away or lounging on your couch.
Locks and security systems
A home automation system will allow you to check—and change, if necessary—the status of your locks and security system remotely. Also, many systems allow remote monitoring of your home security cameras.
Appliances
With home automation, you can easily change the oven temperature, for example, while you’re relaxing in the back yard or watching a movie in the den thanks to wireless technology, smart outlets, and a smartphone app.
Entertainment systems
Some home automation systems also integrate entertainment. Set your TV’s recording schedule, manage your stored programs, and decide where to watch them, all from your smartphone, tablet, or laptop.
Temperature and indoor climate
Use your home automation app to raise the temperature in the house a few degrees so you can stay comfy. Not only will you feel more comfortable, but you’ll also enjoy the pleasure of a lower energy bill.
How to Get Started with Home Automation
But hold on a minute—automating your home isn't as simple as just downloading an app. It'll take a little more than that to get started.
1. For one thing, you'll need a controller. Today's home automation systems can usually be managed straight from your tablet or smartphone, but some do still require the installation of a centralized control panel somewhere in your home.
2. You'll also need access to a network in order to send messages from your controller to your home's devices. Most home automation systems either use Wi-Fi or a simple Bluetooth connection. This, of course, depends on how you plan to use your system. For example, if you think you'll want to interact with your devices while at work, a Bluetooth connection won't cut it.
3. 3. Finally, your devices will need some way to receive your instructions. For some, this isn't an issue: today's home entertainment systems often have Wi-Fi connectivity built right in before the components leave the factory. But for others—like, say, lights—you'll need either smart outlets or smart lightbulbs to integrate them into your home's automation system.
4. That may seem like a lot of work, but honestly, it isn't. The bottom line is that if you've got Wi-Fi in your home and a smartphone in your pocket, you're already most of the way there.
-----System of home automations-------------
Today, there are lots of products out there that label themselves as smart home devices. Nest thermostats, Amazon Echo, and Hue light bulbs are just a few. All of these products are neat and provide some basic level of functionality. Many can even be used in a full smart home system, but none of these devices on their own will make your home truly smart. The fact is that what most people think of when they think of a futuristic, truly “smart” home cannot be achieved by simply buying one of these devices.
Alexa, Google Assistant, and Siri can talk to a bunch of different devices, but so far they aren't as good at making multiple devices work together. To fully automate a home, it helps to enlist home automation services from a company like Control 4, Crestron or Savant. Each of these systems is capable of fully automating and controlling security systems, lighting, whole house music, thermostats, televisions, cameras, and more. They’re the big boys in the space
How smart homes work/smart home implementation
A smart home is not disparate smart devices and appliances, but ones that work together to create a remotely controllable network. All devices are controlled by a master home automation controller, often called a smart home hub. The smart home hub is a hardware device that acts as the central point of the smart home system and is able to sense, process data and communicate wirelessly. It combines all of the disparate apps into a single smart home app that can be controlled remotely by homeowners.
How is integrated each equipment in home automation?
Companies producing consumer products have begun working on ways to control their products over the IP (Internet Protocol). The main feature provided by the already-existing home automation systems is that, every piece of equipment integrated is to be controlled by a central control system unit. Centralized solution based on this idea are very expensive, difficult to configure and more prone to problems because if the central control unit fails then every device becomes out of control. IP based systems are supposed to be simpler and easier to manipulate, with the only necessity being, connected to the network, Ethernet or Wi-Fi. With this in mind, we designed a low cost hardware and its requisite software framework based on distributed control system for home/commercial automation, in which every device would be connected with an electronic chip capable of communicating over the IP network and also being able to control the state of device, which includes switching and change in the device intensity. Furthermore additional circuitry has been added to turn on or off the device after certain period of user defined time. The beauty of this technique is that each device is its own control system and gets commands from the user via smart phone or even a web browser, if one device goes down then it doesn't affect the functioning of the rest of the devices. This paper seeks to pave the way for IP-enabling home appliances, making such devices part of well-known field the Internet of Things. Enabling each of these devices with capability of communicating over the network eliminates the need for special internet connected control units, and thus simplifying home automation.
The equipment is connected through IP control, IR (Infrared), or RS232.
IR (INFRARED) has long been the technology we’ve used to turn our TVs on, adjust the volume and control pretty much everything else our electronic devices do. It’s an old, proven and reliable technology, which means it’s time for it to go.
Why get rid of something that works fine? The answer is simple: IR is not living up to the needs of today’s audio, video and control systems. First, IR requires a line-of-sight connection to the equipment it’s operating. IR signals won’t go through walls or cabinets, so hiding your gear requires wires and repeaters.
Second, IR is one-way. Today’s home systems require more complex commands than simple on/off and up/down.
Used to send IR signals to control devices with an IR input or IR receiver via an IR flasher
RS-232 is a control protocol used by AV gear, primarily in the home automation market. RS-232 control is a wired protocol that is loved by custom integrators because the locking connectors rarely fall out and the connections are fast and robust.
Behind of a Home automation
Rack:
Panels
Cables
So, What Does the Future of Home Automation Look Like?
You can’t talk about the future of home automation without mentioning the Internet of Things (IoT). That’s the catch-all phrase for the trend toward embedding sensors and microchips in everyday objects in a way that allows them to be connected to a network—like, say, the Internet. With the Internet of Things, your washing machine, for example, can send an alert to your phone when it’s time to move your clothes over to the dryer.
Analysts expect the number of devices connected to the Internet of Things to reach between 26 billion5 and 30 billion6 by 2020. And the more IoT-ready devices you have access to in your home, the more you’ll be able to accomplish with even the most basic home automation system.
In just 40 years, complete home automation systems have gone from high-tech curiosities to affordable and accessible modern home conveniences. They're so simple now that just about anyone can take advantage of home automation to simplify their lives and enjoy what was once a luxury of the wealthy and tech-savvy. In another 40 years, we'll wonder how we ever lived without them.
