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Necrotizing Fasciitis
West Coast University
General, overall description of the disease Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a serious bacterial skin infection that spreads quickly, causing necrosis of fascia and subcutaneous fat, resulting in necrosis of skin and muscle. It is known by the population as flesh-eating bacteria (Bauman, 2014).
Prevalence of the disease in the population There are 500 000 cases of necrotizing fasciitis worldwide each year, with a death rate of 20% of the infected people dying (Bauman, 2014). Etiology Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacteroides fragilis, but the most common causative agent is Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus. The strains responsible for the condition have virulence factors that allow the bacterium to invade body tissues, resist phagocytosis, and damage cells and tissues (Bauman, 2014).
Pathogenesis/pathophysiology Complications/sequelae
Once NF is diagnosed, the affected tissue must be removed completely in order to remove the bacteria, and amputation may be necessary if the infection spreads to other organ systems. As for medications, intravenous broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs are administered (File, Tan & DiPersio, 1998).
Prognosis
Necrotizing fasciitis usually presents with redness, intense pain, and swelling at the site of infection initially. Also common are flu-like symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fever, and malaise. Patients can also present tachycardia, altered mental state, and diabetic ketoacidosis (Puvanendran, Huey & Pasupathy, 2009).
Treatment options
Clinical manifestations S. pyogenes is passed from person to person entering the body through breaks in the skin. It secretes enzymes allowing the bacterium to invade body tissues. These enzy...