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to their god’s. The writing and scribes were also very important and interesting. Literacy was established in a small circle between Egyptian and Mesopotamian experts. Both Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies emerged in writing which lead them to drafting historical records in literacy compositions. I find so many things from Egyptian society interesting, but I can’t write them all down because there are so many. As for the Mesopotamia there is not many things that I know, but soon enough I’ll start conducting my research and find out a lot of things as well. So, once I start gathering my information I will find out if I like the other topic that I have decided to write about. The only
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1
Compare geometry in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia
February 14, 2019
1 Introduction
Geometry is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties and relations of points, lines, surfaces, solids,
and higher dimensional objects [1]. Geometric concepts were being utilised as early as 3000 BCE by the Egyptians
and Babylonians, it was a beneficial approach to enhance social well being of the civilisations such as tax collection,
building, trade and other practises [2]. Some important Egyptian documents were written in hieratic script; Rhind
Papyrus (1650 BCE) and Moscow Papyrus (1800 BCE), which were well preserved in the dry climate. However,
collecting Mesopotamia information has been
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Refection paper laws are importantLaws are important to keep the citizens in line and to maintain the peace. With out laws there's nothing but chaos. The first Babylonian empire is best known for the Law Code of King Hammurabi, circa 1750 BC, purportedly handed down by the god Shamah. The laws of Moses derive from Hammurabi's code. The laws themselves are preserved on a 90-inch stone stele that was uncovered in Susa in modern times. It had been carted off by the Elamites following their sack of Babylon in 1158 BC. Hammurabi, the great Babylonian king from Mesopotamia, built a series of laws which were one of the first real honorable laws introduced in Mesopotamia. Hammurabi's Code was
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the Egyptian, in Mesopotamia, the people, especially the Sumerians, are remembered for their many innovations, or new ways of doing things. For example, early farmers developed new agricultural techniques, such as irrigation, leading to economic surpluses. The Sumerians even wrote advice for farmers. Archaeologists have found almanacs written on clay tablets. These writings included information that described the best way to plant, to irrigate land, and to care for crops — farmers previously used to grow barley, wheat, cucumbers and some other variety of foods as well as vegetables. They made use of the stone hoes to plow the land before the innovation of the plow. The Euphrates and the
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Ancient Civilizations ISP
Ancient civilizations are fascinating, and two noteworthy aspects of them are art and religion. Although art is not exactly religion, it can contrast well with it. Since the fist civilizations, art has been used to help interpret the Gods, and connect them to society. This has been around for thousands of years and is still utilized in modern day society. Comparing civilizations like Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt and Greece demonstrate that the advancement of art and literature changed how the gods were perceived.
Mesopotamia was one of the earliest civilizations in the world and was very long lasting. This was for several reasons; the Mesopotamians were
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Lydians had the idea of coined money for an economy. The money system replaced bartering and is now the basis of the world economy. The Babylonians made a not so comprehensive code of law. Hammurabi's code brought serenity throughout Mesopotamia, and laws are now expected from a functioning government.In those three aspects, modern life has been greatly affected by ancient civilizations. With props to the Sumerians, Phoenicians, Hittites, Lydians, Babylonians and the Assyrians, technology is more advanced. Communication is easier and society is more organized.
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The World Effects from GilgameshGilgamesh is the earliest text in existence, being over 3,500 years old, it gives insight into that time period and how people of that time thought and lived. Those cultural values of ancient Mesopotamia helped in the development of the basic ideas of both Christianity and Judaism. In knowing this, one can infer how important the story and legend of Gilgamesh is and was to the people of that time and of today's society.In knowing these facts, which go hand and hand with The Bible, historians can show that some of the texts within the body are in fact modeled from the story of Gigamesh. Such as the epic of Noah's ark, this is a great example of how some of the
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Free
Introduction of TileSince ancient times, tile has been used for both construction and decorative purposes. It's been an essential component throughout the history of building and design.As early as 4000 BC, glazed tiles were used for decoration in Egypt and ancient Mesopotamia. From China and the Far East, to the Near East and throughout Europe, tile became a prominent art form as well as a beautiful and durable building material.Tile fabrication methods and patterns have long had meaning to different regions of the world, and varied designs from different countries are now easily recognizable. Consider for example Delft from the Netherlands, Majolica from Italy, or Mexico's intricate
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-king. The other images showed power but not as much power and respect as Khafre Enthroned.
Works Cited
17Green. Khafre Enthroned. 14 November 2013. .
Kleiner, Fred S. Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History Fourteenth Edition. Vol. 1. Boston: Clark Baxter, 2014.
Word Press. Ancient to Medieval Art . 09 03 2019. .
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Untitled
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
MESOPOTAMIA AND SUMER
MESOPOTAMIA AND SUMER
Mesopotamia - means "Land Between Two Rivers"
Two Rivers: Tigris and Euphrates
Forms part of the famous "fertile Crescent"
Reasons why Mesopotamia became the birth place of history and civilization: strategic location, fertile soil and favorable climate
CITY STATES DEVELOP IN SUMER
Twelve city-states were formed.
City-state = city and farmlands around it
Each city-state had its own government and was independent of the other city states.
Council of elders - rule the city
appoint lugals (generals) to lead the armies in times of war
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C Silverthorne
In old kingdom and new kingdom Egypt, things were quite different. One example of this is in Interactions. Throughout first wave Egypt, interactions evolved and the way they were carried out from the old kingdom to the new kingdom changed. For example, in the old kingdom, they traded a lot, and were welcoming to outsiders, whereas in the middle kingdom, they began to be more wary and started to build more military, until finally in the new kingdom Egypt was Xenophobic and didn’t trade or interact with outsiders nearly as often. One example of this is trade in the old kingdom. They traded with places like Mesopotamia, or Nubia, exchanging resources without an extreme amount of
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Free
then moved his army and went on to conquer the Greek city-states on the Ionian coast also in Asia Minor. After that, he went towards the east and defeated the eastern part of Iran. In 539 B.C., Cyrus went into Mesopotamia and took over Babylon. His treatment of Babylon was well restrained. In fact he has a reputation for being less cruel than other kings of the time, like the Assyrians (Spielvogel, 44). Babylonia was made into another Persian province and was ruled by a governor but a lot of the already established people in power kept their jobs. Cyrus took many names for himself such as “King of All, King of the Land of Summer and Akkad, king of the Four Rimes, and the Son of Cambyses the
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that the Harappan civilization laid the foundation for later societies, are seals carved with symbols and figures. These seals, which are also discovered in Mesopotamia, are thought to be used as an indication of ownership for trading purposes, further suggesting an extremely early date of human habitations in the Indus Valley allowing for such cross regional interactions. [footnoteRef:6] [4: Trautmann, “The Beginning of Indian Civilization,” 18.] [5: Ibid., 20.] [6: Ibid., 24.]
Besides inscriptions, figures in yogic posture are found on seals. These figures may be an early form of Shiva, the “Lord of Beasts” in Hinduism.[footnoteRef:7] Such resemblance is an indicator of cultural
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did I find in Alexandria, and many in the rest of Egypt, and others in Palestine, and in Syria, and in Mesopotamia. I admired their continence in living, and their endurance in toil; I was amazed at their persistency in prayer, and at their triumphing over sleep; subdued by no natural necessity, ever keeping their souls' purpose high and free, in hunger, in thirst, in cold, in nakedness, they never yielded to the body; they were never willing to waste attention on it; always, as though living in a flesh that was not theirs, they showed in very deed what it is to sojourn for a while in this life, and what to have one's citizenship and home in heaven. All this moved my admiration. I called
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Free
of unconditional divorce.Divorce is the perfect example of the changing times. The Jewish population in the Bible forbade divorce unless their partner was unfaithful (established by God through Moses around 3,000 BCE, also in Matthew 19:9). As time progressed Hammurabi of Mesopotamia came to power, and wrote his code of laws c. 1700 BCE. These laws were founded with a polytheistic-believing society, not the monotheistic religion in one God of the Bible. Hammurabi allowed divorce, but there was a price to it (you have to have reason, and then you must support her financially). Over time, we now find our society favoring divorce. Every citizen in our country is entitled to "...life, liberty
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interesting geographical features. One of them being Chinas Yellow and Yangtze rivers. The Yellow river in China was much like the settlement in Mesopotamia. Later they settled on the Yangtze river. The rivers would often flood, destroying farmland and irrigation systems. Farm animals and people would die as a result. One of the positives to living on the Yellow and Yangtze river was the soil was light, easy to plow, and rich. This soil was known as loess. With such fertile soil farmers were able to produce a sufficient amount of rice, millet, wheat and barley. Loess had mineral composition so it was highly prone to erosion. When the rivers flooded, farmlands lost tons of resources. (Acrobatiq
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in 14th century Europe. In 1346 reports of a terrible pestilence in China, spreading through Mesopotamia and Asia Minor had reached Europe, but caused no concern until two years later. In January of 1348 the plague had reached Marseille in France and Tunis in Africa. By the end of the next year the plague had reached as far as Norway, Scotland, Prussia, Iceland, and Italy. In 1351 the infection had spread to include Russia.The plague was an equal opportunity killer. In Avignon nine bishops were killed, King Alfonso XI of Castile succumbed, and peasants died wherever they lay. Though the plague had, for the most part, ceased less than ten years after it started, it killed nearly one third of
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earliest known writings discovered by archaeologists are accounts of ancient tax records on clay tablets from Egypt and Mesopotamia dating back as early as 3300 to 2000 BCE” (Bellis). Luca Pacioli, born in 1447 at Sansepolcro, Italy is believed to be the father of accounting even though he didn’t invent the system. Rather, he described the systems used by the merchants in Venice during the revival period of Italy. Accounting plays a vital role in the recording of financial transactions in a business. It shows the financial health of the business to its stakeholders. It is called the language of business because it conveys the information that the stakeholders need to evaluate the financial
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solutions for the noise caused by humans, flood as an extreme solution is used. The original intention of the gods was to decrease the number of people so they can reduce the noise. This noise can be a result of violence, cries of victims, petitions for justice, protests against gods or simply over-population. In any of the cases, people clearly are causing inconvenience for gods that can be considered immoral in ancient world view. In Biblical story, flood is also a solution to a moral problem of humans.[footnoteRef:19] People of the ancient Mesopotamia in the Near Eastern flood stories make their gods angry just like the wicked and violent people mentioned in the Bible. [19: T. Desmond
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wellbeing of the weak, the widow, the orphan, and the poor. From the code of Hammurabi in Mesopotamia, which in its prologue refers to “justice executed by the king… [stating] that the strong are not allowed to oppress the weak, so that the sun may rise over the people” (Fensham), to the famous Instructions of Amenemope in Egypt, where “a maxim declares that the oppressed must not be robbed and that no harshness may be inflicted on the disabled” (Fensham), the concern for the oppressed sectors of society is well documented. In Egyptian literature there is ample evidence of “the ideal of respecting the rights of the weak, widow and the orphan [flourishing] in times of decay or at the beginning
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